Shura

Shura is an Arabic term meaning consultation or deliberation. In Islamic usage, shura denotes the practice of seeking and considering advice from others in matters of governance and community affairs. The word appears in the Qur'an (for example, in Surah 42:38, which describes believers whose affairs are settled by shura) and is cited in Hadith as part of the Prophet Muhammad's example of consulting his companions before taking actions. The concept emphasizes collective deliberation, mutual consent, and responsible leadership.

In political contexts, shura has given name to formal consultative bodies in several Muslim-majority states. Members are often appointed and serve to advise rulers or governments on policy, legislation, or administration; their powers may be advisory or have limited legislative functions. The best-known modern instance is the Majlis ash-Shura, the Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia. Other countries maintain councils or assemblies described as shura, reflecting the traditional idea of governance through consultation.

Beyond politics, shura can refer to the general practice of consultation in Muslim communities, including family decisions, tribal leadership, and organizational governance. It is also used as a given name in various cultures, reflecting its broader semantic appeal.

This neutral article covers the usage and implications in religious, political, and social contexts, noting that the precise authority and selection processes of shura bodies vary by country and historical period.