Shivratri

Shivaratri, meaning "the night of Shiva," is a Hindu festival honoring the god Shiva. The most widely observed form is Maha Shivaratri, the Great Night of Shiva, celebrated annually on the 14th night of the dark fortnight in the lunar month of Phalguna, typically February or March.

Devotees observe fasting and night-long vigils. Temples hold elaborate rites to honor Shiva, including the abhishekam, or sacred bathing of the Shiva lingam with milk, yogurt, honey, ghee, and water, and offerings of bel leaves, flowers, fruits, and sacred chants. Devotees chant mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya, recite passages from Shaivite scriptures, and sing hymns or bhajans. Many followers refrain from meat and limit other foods in fasting, while others undertake extra prayer and meditation.

Observances vary regionally but are widely felt across India, Nepal, and parts of the diaspora. Major temples host special ceremonies and nightlong programs, with devotees keeping vigil until dawn.

Legends associated with Maha Shivaratri include the marriage of Shiva and Parvati and the mythic descent of the River Ganga to Earth, said to be restrained by Shiva’s hair to prevent her force from destroying the world. The festival is understood as marking the triumph of light over darkness and the awakening of spiritual insight.