Sglükosüülimine

Sglükosüülimine, also known as glycosylation, is a crucial biochemical process in which a carbohydrate molecule is attached to another molecule, typically a protein or a lipid. This enzymatic modification plays a vital role in a wide array of biological functions, influencing protein folding, stability, cell-cell recognition, and immune responses. The process occurs in various cellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, and is essential for the proper functioning of many biological systems.

There are several types of glycosylation, broadly categorized into N-linked and O-linked glycosylation, distinguished by the atom on the amino acid residue to which the sugar is attached. N-linked glycosylation involves the attachment of a precursor oligosaccharide to an asparagine residue, while O-linked glycosylation attaches sugars to serine or threonine residues. The specific type and structure of the attached glycans can significantly alter the properties and function of the modified molecule. Aberrant glycosylation is often associated with various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders, making glycosylation pathways a subject of intense research for therapeutic interventions.