Sentralisme

Sentralisme is a political concept that advocates for the concentration of power and authority in a central government. This approach contrasts with federalism, where power is divided between a national government and regional or state governments, and with decentralization, which involves distributing power to lower levels of government. In a sentralist system, the central government typically holds the primary decision-making authority, and sub-national entities, if they exist, exercise only the powers delegated to them by the center.

Proponents of sentralisme often argue that it leads to greater national unity, efficiency in governance, and a more consistent application of laws and policies across the entire territory. They believe a strong central authority can better address national challenges, manage resources effectively, and respond to crises. This can be particularly appealing in countries with diverse populations or historical divisions, where a unified national identity and strong central control are seen as essential for stability.

However, sentralisme also faces criticism. Opponents argue that it can lead to over-centralization, stifling local initiative and responsiveness to regional needs. It may also result in a disconnect between the central government and the populace, leading to resentment and a lack of representation for minority groups or distinct regional interests. The potential for authoritarianism is another concern, as concentrated power can be more easily abused. The degree of sentralisme can vary significantly, with some systems being more rigidly centralized than others.