Semasiological

Semasiological refers to a method of linguistic investigation that begins with a word and then traces its various meanings and their historical development. This approach contrasts with onomasiological, which starts with a concept and seeks out the different words or expressions used to denote it. In semasiology, the focus is on understanding the semantic range of a particular lexical item, how its meanings have broadened, narrowed, shifted, or even disappeared over time. This often involves examining etymology, usage in different contexts, and the influence of other languages or cultural shifts.

The study of semasiology is crucial for understanding the evolution of language and how words acquire new connotations or become obsolete. It helps linguists and lexicographers to map out the complex relationships between form and meaning within a language. For example, a semasiological analysis of the word "nice" would reveal its journey from meaning "ignorant" or "foolish" in Middle English to its current, more positive connotations of "pleasant" or "agreeable." This meticulous examination of individual word histories provides a rich tapestry of linguistic change.