Semaphorin7A

Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) is a member of the semaphorin family of proteins, which are primarily known for their roles in guiding neural development and axonal navigation. Unlike classical semaphorins that are secreted or membrane-bound, SEMA7A is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein involved in various cellular processes beyond neural guidance.

SEMA7A is expressed in multiple tissues, including the immune system, where it influences immune cell activation and migration. It has been implicated in modulating inflammatory responses, often promoting phagocytosis and cytokine production by macrophages and dendritic cells. Additionally, SEMA7A plays a role in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and angiogenesis by interacting with its receptors, such as plexin C1 and integrins.

In the nervous system, SEMA7A contributes to axonal growth cone collapse and repulsion, thus participating in neural circuit formation. It is also involved in the regulation of immune responses by acting as a signaling molecule that bridges cell migration and inflammation.

Research indicates that SEMA7A has significant implications in pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer progression, and inflammatory disorders. For example, overexpression of SEMA7A has been observed in certain cancers, where it may promote tumor invasion and metastasis through enhancing cell motility and angiogenesis.

Overall, SEMA7A is a multifunctional protein with critical roles in immune regulation, neural development, and tissue repair. Its diverse functions are mediated through complex signaling pathways, making it a subject of ongoing scientific investigation for potential therapeutic targets.