Selfpropelling
Self-propelling refers to motion generated by an object using energy carried or harvested by the object itself, rather than relying on external forces. It covers systems and organisms that produce thrust or propulsion through internal energy conversion or interactions with their surroundings, in accordance with Newton’s third law.
In nature, self-propelled movement is ubiquitous. Bacteria and algae move with rotating flagella powered by chemical
In engineering, self-propulsion includes devices that move under their own power, from rockets and jet engines
Key considerations for self-propulsion involve efficiency, controllability, and the source of energy. The performance of self-propelled