Selfimmunity

Selfimmunity, also known as self-tolerance, is a fundamental process in the immune system that prevents the body from attacking its own tissues. This phenomenon is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. Selfimmunity is achieved through several mechanisms, including the expression of self-antigens on immune cells, the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the action of immune checkpoints.

Self-antigens are molecules that are unique to an individual and are expressed on the surface of cells. These antigens help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self. Regulatory T cells play a critical role in selfimmunity by suppressing the activity of other immune cells, particularly those that could potentially attack self-tissues. Immune checkpoints are proteins that regulate the activity of immune cells. They can either activate or inhibit immune responses, and their proper functioning is essential for maintaining selfimmunity.

Disruptions in selfimmunity can lead to autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. This can result in a wide range of symptoms, depending on the tissues affected. Understanding the mechanisms of selfimmunity is a key area of research in immunology, with the goal of developing therapies for autoimmune diseases and other immune-related disorders.