Selbstzündung

Selbstzündung, also known as spontaneous combustion, is the act of an object igniting without an external source of ignition. This phenomenon occurs when a substance generates heat internally, and this heat builds up faster than it can dissipate, eventually reaching its ignition temperature.

Several factors can contribute to self-ignition. For organic materials, such as hay or oily rags, the process often begins with slow oxidation. Microorganisms can also play a role by metabolizing the material, producing heat as a byproduct. If the material is stored in a way that prevents adequate ventilation, the heat generated can accumulate.

Certain chemical reactions can also lead to self-ignition. For instance, highly reactive substances, when mixed or exposed to air or moisture, can generate enough heat to ignite. In industrial settings, this is a significant safety concern, and proper handling and storage procedures are crucial to prevent such incidents.

The temperature at which self-ignition occurs is specific to the material and is known as its autoignition temperature. Once this temperature is reached, the material will ignite without the need for a spark or flame. While often associated with dramatic events, self-ignition can also occur in less visible ways, such as within piles of compost or stored industrial chemicals. Understanding the conditions that promote self-ignition is key to preventing fires in various environments.