Sektorid

Sektorid, or sectors, are categories used to describe parts of an economy, society, or organization that share common characteristics, functions, or activities. They provide a framework for analyzing structure, performance, and development.

In economics, a standard high-level division distinguishes three broad sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary sector covers the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, including agriculture, fishing, mining, and forestry. The secondary sector encompasses manufacturing and construction—the processing of raw materials into finished goods. The tertiary sector includes services such as retail, transportation, finance, health, education, and other activities that support the economy and households.

Many analyses also recognize expanded classifications. The quaternary sector refers to knowledge-based activities like information technology, research and development, consulting, and media. Some frameworks include a quinary sector focused on high-level decision making, policy, and non-profit administration. These additions reflect the increasing importance of information, knowledge work, and governance in modern economies.

Sector classifications are standardized for data comparison and policy purposes. International systems such as the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) are commonly used, with national statistics offices adapting the framework to publish GDP composition, employment, and productivity by sector. Boundaries between sectors can be blurred, as activities often span multiple sectors or shift with technological and social change. Understanding sector composition helps explain structural changes, economic resilience, and the design of economic and industrial policy.