Schockprozesse

Schockprozesse, also known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a psychiatric treatment in which electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. This procedure is typically used to treat severe depression, bipolar disorder, and other mental illnesses that do not respond to other treatments. The exact mechanism by which ECT works is not fully understood, but it is believed to affect neurotransmitter systems and possibly promote neurogenesis.

The origins of ECT can be traced back to the late 1930s, when Italian psychiatrists Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini first used the technique. Initially, ECT was administered without muscle relaxants or anesthesia, leading to violent convulsions. Modern ECT is performed under general anesthesia and with muscle relaxants to minimize physical stress on the patient's body. The procedure usually takes place in a hospital setting, with the patient undergoing a series of treatments, typically two or three times a week, for a total of six to twelve sessions.

ECT is generally considered safe when performed by trained professionals, but it is not without risks and side effects. Common side effects include confusion, memory loss, and headaches. More serious complications, such as heart problems or prolonged seizures, are rare but possible. Due to these risks and the stigma associated with the procedure, ECT remains controversial. However, many mental health professionals argue that its benefits for certain patients outweigh the potential drawbacks.

The use of ECT has declined since its peak in the mid-20th century, but it remains a treatment option for severe mental illnesses that do not respond to other interventions. The decision to undergo ECT is typically made in consultation with a psychiatrist, taking into account the patient's individual circumstances and treatment history.