Schneehöhlen

Schneehöhlen, also known as snow caves, are natural or artificial shelters constructed from snow. They are typically formed in deep snowdrifts, often found in mountainous or polar regions. The insulating properties of snow allow these structures to maintain a temperature significantly warmer than the ambient air, sometimes just above freezing point even when outside temperatures are well below. This makes them a viable option for survival in cold environments.

The construction of a snow cave usually involves digging into a large snowdrift. A common method is to create an entrance tunnel that slopes upwards. This is important because it traps warmer air inside the cave, preventing it from escaping through the entrance. The main living space is then excavated horizontally or slightly upwards from the tunnel. Ventilation is crucial to prevent carbon dioxide buildup and to ensure a supply of fresh air. Small holes are often made in the roof for this purpose.

Schneehöhlen can be surprisingly sturdy if built with well-compacted snow. The structural integrity depends on the density and moisture content of the snow. Over time, the interior walls can melt slightly and then refreeze, creating an icy crust that further strengthens the structure. While often associated with emergency shelters for survival situations, they are also used by winter campers and mountaineers for recreational purposes. Proper knowledge of snow conditions and construction techniques is essential for safety.