Schalung

Schalung is the German term for formwork, the temporary mold or framework used in concrete construction to shape and support fresh concrete until it attains sufficient strength. It defines the final geometry, surface finish, and alignment of elements such as walls, slabs, columns, and beams.

Formwork can be made from various materials. Timber and plywood are common on smaller sites or for custom shapes, while system formwork uses modular panels, beams, and props for faster, repeatable assemblies. Steel and aluminum formwork offer high rigidity and durability, and costly permanent or stay-in-place formwork remains in the structure as part of some designs, constructed from plastics, metal, or composites to support or replace traditional forms.

Design and erection require engineering calculations to resist the hydrostatic pressure of fresh concrete, including additional loads from vibration, wind, and surrounding works. Key components include panels, shores, props, ties, and release agents. The formwork must be accurately aligned, plumb, and level before concrete placement. After pouring, proper consolidation and curing are essential, followed by a planned dismantling sequence once the concrete gains enough strength.

Considerations for Schalung cover surface quality, reuse potential, and overall economy. Reusable systems reduce waste and labor costs but require careful maintenance and inspection. Safety is paramount due to the risk of formwork collapse, and material choices affect environmental impact through embodied energy and waste generation.

In practice, Schalung design and selection depend on the element type, required finish, cycle time, and project constraints, balancing performance, cost, and safety.