Saptarishi

Saptarishi, meaning seven great sages, is a term used in Hindu tradition to denote a group of revered rishis. In myth and astronomy the phrase refers to both legendary seers and a prominent asterism in the sky. The Saptarishi are often described as the seven mind-born sons of Brahma who play a foundational role in the transmission of Vedic knowledge and in the genealogies of ancient lineages. In the celestial context, the name also designates a stellar formation that is associated with the seven brightest stars ofUrsa Major.

The exact members of the Saptarishi vary across texts, but a commonly cited list includes Bhrigu, Vashistha, Kashyapa, Atri, Angiras, Marichi, and Pulaha. Other traditions and passages substitute one or two names, reflecting regional and doctrinal differences. Despite these variations, the Saptarishi are consistently treated as foundational sages whose lineages contribute to later rishi-based traditions and to the authorship and transmission of sacred knowledge.

In Hindu cosmology, the Saptarishi are linked to cosmic time and the creation of the universe. They are associated with the early, primeval sages who impart spiritual insight and guidance to kings, sages, and the wider world. Their presence is invoked in ritual contexts and their names appear in many texts as part of genealogies, hymns, and legends.

In Indian astronomy and iconography, the Saptarishi are connected with a fixed star pattern in the northern sky, traditionally called the Saptarishi Mandala. The concept underscores a connection between mythic sages and celestial observation, illustrating how Hindu tradition integrates spiritual lineage with celestial imagery.