Samowolnego

Samowolnego is the genitive singular masculine form of the Polish adjective samowolny, which means unauthorized, arbitrary, or self-willed. The term is used to describe actions, decisions, or actors that operate without proper authorization or outside established rules and procedures. In everyday language it conveys a negative judgment, implying disregard for authority or formal requirements. In legal or administrative contexts, samowolny denotes conduct performed without lawful authorization, sometimes carrying the sense of wilful disregard for procedures.

Etymology and forms: Samowolny is a compound of sam- (self) and wolny (free). The adjective has the usual Polish gender and number variants: samowolny (masc. sing.), samowolna (fem. sing.), samowolne (neut. sing. and plural). Its inflected form samowolnego appears in phrases where the noun it modifies is in the genitive case, for example czyn samowolnego urzędnika (“the act of an unauthorized official”).

Usage and nuance: Samowolny often contrasts with terms like bezprawny (illegal) or naruszający prawo, though there is overlap. It emphasizes the manner of acting without permission rather than the formal illegality per se. Common collocations include samowolne działanie (unauthorized action), samowolny urzędnik (an unauthorized official), and samowola budowlana (illegal construction, a related noun form). The word appears in formal text as well as in media reporting to describe improvised or unauthorized conduct.

See also: samowola, samowolność, with related concepts in administrative and legal terminology.