Samosir

Samosir is an island in Lake Toba, located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. It is the largest island in the lake and forms part of Samosir Regency. The island’s administrative center is Pangururan, located in the northern part of the island.

Geography and geology: Samosir covers a substantial area and features a rugged highland landscape surrounding the lake. Lake Toba itself was formed by a massive volcanic eruption around 74,000 years ago, and Samosir sits within the caldera created by that event. The island consists of rolling hills, valleys, and villages that rise from the lakeshore.

People and culture: The island is the cultural heartland of the Batak Toba people. Traditional Batak houses on stilts and distinctive crafts are common in the villages. Notable sites include Ambarita, where stone chairs and a chieftain’s court are preserved; Tomok, with historic tombs of Batak rulers; and Simanindo, which hosts folk performances and a Batak house museum. The Sigale-gale wooden statue tradition is associated with local ceremonies and artistry.

Economy and tourism: Tourism is a major economic activity, attracting visitors with lake scenery, cultural performances, and traditional crafts such as weaving and woodcarving. Agriculture and fishing also support local communities.

Access and administration: Samosir Regency administers the island, with Pangururan as the government seat. Access is primarily by road from Medan to Parapat, followed by a ferry crossing across Lake Toba to Tomok or Pangururan. The island is connected by road networks to its villages and tourist sites.