SamarskiteCe

Samarskite-(Ce) is a complex oxide mineral belonging to the samarskite group. Its chemical formula is ideally (Y,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,U,Nb,Ta,Zr,Th)O. It is a member of the pyrochlore supergroup, specifically within the pyrochlore proper series. The mineral is characterized by the presence of rare earth elements, particularly cerium (Ce), which gives it its specific designation. Samarskite-(Ce) is typically found in pegmatites and granite intrusions, often associated with other rare earth-bearing minerals. Crystals are usually prismatic or tabular, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. Its color can vary from black to reddish-brown to dark green. It is a radioactive mineral due to the presence of uranium and thorium. Samarskite-(Ce) is considered a minor ore of yttrium and other rare earth elements, although its economic significance is limited by its typically low abundance and difficult extraction processes. The mineral was first described in 1847 from a locality in the Ilmen Mountains of Russia. Variations in composition lead to other members of the samarskite group, such as samarskite-(Y).