Salbutamoli

Salbutamoli, known in English as salbutamol, is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (SABA) used as a bronchodilator to relieve and prevent bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is commonly used as a rescue medication and is available in inhaled forms (metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebuliser solutions). In some settings, oral tablets or intravenous solutions are used, particularly in hospital care or severe episodes.

The medicine works by stimulating beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation. This reduces airway resistance and helps relieve wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Inhaled salbutamol has a rapid onset, often within minutes, with an effect lasting about 4 to 6 hours, depending on the formulation and dose. Systemic exposure is limited with inhaled use, which contributes to its favorable short-acting profile.

Pharmacokinetics and safety considerations vary by route. Inhaled salbutamol is partially absorbed into the bloodstream, with metabolism mainly in the liver and excretion of metabolites in the urine. Common side effects include tremor, tachycardia, palpitations, and nervousness; less frequently, headaches or hypokalemia may occur. Caution is advised in patients with significant tachyarrhythmias or ischemic heart disease, and nonselective beta-blockers may reduce its effect. Overuse can diminish responsiveness and increase systemic side effects.

Salbutamoli is marketed under several brand names worldwide and is available in generic form. Dosing and formulations depend on age, condition, and route of administration.