Salawat

Salawat refers to the act of invoking blessings and peace upon the Prophet Muhammad, a central practice in Islam. The term comes from the Arabic root ṣ-l-w, meaning to bless. In practice, salawat means sending divine blessings upon Muhammad and, by extension, his family and companions. The Qur’anic basis is found in Surah Al-Ahzab (33:56), which states that Allah and His angels bless the Prophet, and that believers should do the same and grant him peace.

Formulations vary by tradition. The most widely used formula is "Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammad wa 'ala ali Muhammad" (O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad). Other common forms include "Allahumma salli 'ala sayyidina Muhammad" or simply "Salallahu alayhi wasallam" after mentioning the Prophet's name. Salawat are recited during daily prayers, in supplications, on Fridays, in mosques, and in personal devotion. In South Asia and other regions, the term "durood" or "durood sharif" is commonly used; in Arabic-speaking communities the term "salawat" is standard.

Practice is observed by both Sunni and Shia Muslims, though expressions and emphasis may differ by tradition. Salawat are generally regarded as recommended or virtuous rather than obligatory, functioning as a means to honor the Prophet and to seek spiritual benefits in devotional life.