Salafis

Salafism is a conservative Sunni Islamic movement that advocates a return to what its adherents believe are the "pious predecessors" or Salaf, the first three generations of Muslims. This includes the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, their immediate successors, and their successors. Salafis strive to emulate the practices and beliefs of these early Muslims in all aspects of life, including theology, jurisprudence, and daily conduct.

There is diversity within Salafism, but a common thread is a strict adherence to the Quran and the Sunnah (the teachings and practices of Prophet Muhammad) as interpreted through the understanding of the Salaf. They generally reject innovations in religious practice (bid'ah) that they believe were not present during the time of the Salaf. Salafis are often characterized by their literal interpretation of scripture and their emphasis on Islamic monotheism (Tawhid).

Different subgroups exist within Salafism, with varying approaches to politics and activism. Some Salafis are quietist, focusing solely on religious scholarship and personal practice, while others engage in more active da'wah (invitation to Islam) or, in some cases, political activism. A small, radical fringe of Salafism is associated with extremist ideologies and violence, though this is rejected by the vast majority of Salafis. The movement is present in various Muslim-majority countries and among Muslim communities globally.