Registered nurses complete a four‑year university degree at a recognized university of applied sciences or university. The curriculum covers clinical practice, theory, research, and leadership skills. Assistant nurses undertake a two‑year vocational training program that focuses on practical patient care, hygiene, and basic medical procedures. Certified nursing assistants receive short‑term training in acute care, home health, and long‑term care settings, and are typically licensed by a local health authority.
The nursing workforce in Finland is regulated to maintain quality of care. Licensure examinations are administered by the Finnish Nurses Association (Suomen Sairaanhoitajaliitto) for nurses and by regional health boards for assistant nurses. Continuing professional development is required to stay current with clinical guidelines and technological advances. The profession is also subject to Finnish labor law and sector‑specific collective agreements that address working hours, pay, and occupational safety.
Distribution of nursing staff parallels the demographic profile of the healthcare system. About 80 % of nurses work in public hospitals, with the remainder employed in community health centers, palliative care units, and private care facilities. In recent years, the nursing workforce has struggled to meet the demands of an ageing population and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, leading to shortages in rural and specialized sectors. Reform initiatives focus on digitalisation of care, telemedicine, and interdisciplinary teamwork to enhance the efficiency of the nursing workforce.
Internationally, Finnish nursing practice is compared with other Nordic countries. Research shows that Finnish nurses exhibit high levels of patient satisfaction, largely due to strong emphasis on education, ethical practice, and patient‑centred care. The profession continues to evolve with a growing focus on preventive care, health promotion, and the integration of health technology.