SULT1E1

SULT1E1, also known as estrogen sulfotransferase, is a cytosolic sulfotransferase enzyme encoded by the SULT1E1 gene in humans. It catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from the universal donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to phenolic substrates, with a strong preference for estrogens. The reaction produces estrogen sulfate esters, such as estrone sulfate, which are more water-soluble and typically less biologically active, aiding in hormonal inactivation and elimination.

Expression of SULT1E1 is widespread, with high levels in the liver and placenta and detectable levels in other tissues including adipose tissue, kidney, and endometrium. The enzyme is a member of the cytosolic sulfotransferase family (SULT1) and is distinguished by its high affinity for estrogens compared with other substrates.

The biological role of SULT1E1 includes contributing to estrogen homeostasis and detoxification of phenolic compounds. By sulfating estrogens, it modulates estrogen signaling and influences tissue responses to hormonal therapies. Regulation of SULT1E1 expression can be affected by hormonal status and exposure to certain chemicals, and genetic variation can alter enzyme activity and estrogen metabolite levels among individuals.

In research and clinical contexts, SULT1E1 is considered in studies of estrogen metabolism, endocrine disruptors, and drug detoxification. Understanding its activity helps explain variability in estrogen clearance and the pharmacokinetics of phenolic drugs, with potential implications for hormone-dependent conditions.