SFOAE

SFOAE, which stands for Single-Sided Forward-Masked Auditory Evoked Potential, is a specialized neurophysiological test used to assess auditory function. It is a type of otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurement that specifically probes the efferent auditory pathway, which is the neural pathway that transmits auditory information from the inner ear to the brain, and also includes descending pathways that modulate cochlear activity.

The test involves presenting a masking sound to one ear while measuring the otoacoustic emission evoked by a stimulus tone in the other ear. This contralateral masking is key to isolating the efferent system's influence. When the efferent system is functioning properly, the contralateral masker can suppress the cochlear traveling wave or alter outer hair cell function, leading to a change in the OAE amplitude.

Changes in SFOAE amplitude are indicative of the integrity and responsiveness of the efferent auditory system. Reduced or absent SFOAEs suggest potential dysfunction in this pathway, which can be associated with various auditory disorders. These can include sensorineural hearing loss, auditory processing disorders, tinnitus, and hyperacusis.

SFOAE testing is non-invasive and relatively quick to perform. It provides objective data about efferent pathway function, which can be particularly valuable in cases where subjective behavioral audiometric testing is difficult or unreliable, such as with infants, young children, or individuals with certain cognitive impairments. The interpretation of SFOAE results often requires consideration alongside other audiological assessments to establish a comprehensive understanding of an individual's auditory health.