Rälsnätet

Rälsnätet refers to the national railway infrastructure system, the physical backbone that enables rail traffic. It includes tracks, electrical traction systems, signaling and train safety systems, communications networks, stations, yards, and associated maintenance facilities. The term is used to describe the collective network that supports both passenger and freight services.

In Sweden, the infrastructure is managed by Trafikverket, the Swedish Transport Administration. Trafikverket plans, builds, and maintains the rail network, while railway operators run trains on the network under regulated access arrangements. Access to rälsnätet is governed by European Union rail regulations and national procedures, including capacity allocation and infrastructure charges. The Network Statement published by Trafikverket outlines access terms, capacity, and pricing for operators.

Technically, rälsnätet comprises standard gauge tracks (1435 mm) with electrification on most main lines, primarily at 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC. Some rural or regional lines remain non-electrified. Signaling systems are evolving, with ongoing introductions of European Train Control System (ETCS) along major corridors to improve interoperability and safety. The network supports a mix of passenger services, such as regional and intercity trains, and freight flows, requiring coordination across schedules and maintenance windows.

Historically, Sweden’s rail network expanded in the 19th and 20th centuries and has since been modernized through electrification, modernization of signaling, and capacity improvements. Looking ahead, efforts focus on capacity expansion, further electrification, and continued rollout of ETCS to enhance efficiency, safety, and regional connectivity.