Rubieae

Rubieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae, subfamily Rubioideae. It includes several genera, most notably Rubia (the madder), Galium (bedstraws), and Asperula (woodruff), along with related genera. The circumscription of Rubieae has varied with classifications, but modern phylogenetic studies support a core group of genera united within the tribe, though some arrangements continue to be revised as knowledge advances.

The tribe is primarily temperate in the Northern Hemisphere, with some species occurring in Africa and parts of Asia. Habitats range from woodlands and grasslands to rocky slopes and scrub. Members exhibit a range of growth forms, including herbaceous perennials and scrambling shrubs.

A characteristic Rubiaceae features apparent in Rubieae is leaves that are opposite or in whorls, with interpetiolar stipules between leaf bases. Flowers are generally small and inconspicuous, often white or pale, and arranged in dense inflorescences such as cymes. Fruit types vary by genus, including capsules and berries.

Economy and ecology: Several Rubieae species have historical or ornamental value. The best-known is Rubia tinctorum, the madder, whose roots were used to produce the red dye alizarin. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals, while others play ecological roles as part of native plant communities.

Taxonomy and name: The tribe name Rubieae derives from the genus Rubia, reflecting its central place in the group. Ongoing molecular studies continue to refine internal relationships and genus boundaries within the tribe.