RplT

rplT is the gene that encodes ribosomal protein L20, a component of the 50S large ribosomal subunit in bacteria and in organelles derived from bacterial ancestors. RplT orthologs are highly conserved across bacteria, reflecting an essential role in ribosome assembly and function.

In the 50S subunit, L20 participates in early stages of assembly by binding to ribosomal RNA, particularly regions of the 23S and 5S rRNA, and by helping to recruit other ribosomal proteins to the forming subunit. The protein is typically small and rich in basic amino acids, features that promote strong RNA binding. L20's precise interactions vary among species but the overall function as an assembly factor and structural constituent of the large subunit is conserved.

Genomic context varies by organism. In many bacteria, rplT lies within operons that encode multiple ribosomal proteins, and its expression is co-regulated with other components of ribosome biogenesis. Some genomes contain paralogs or closely related genes, though many organisms rely on a single functional rplT copy.

In research, rplT is commonly used in comparative genomics and phylogenetics as a conserved ribosomal protein gene. Knockout or depletion studies can disrupt ribosome assembly and cellular growth, underscoring the gene's essential role.

See also: ribosomal protein L20, rplA, rplB, ribosome biogenesis.