Rotens

Rotens are a class of nanoscale rotary molecular motors described in nanotechnology literature and science fiction as devices capable of converting chemical energy into directed rotational motion at the molecular level. The term combines rota for wheel and the suffix ens to indicate agents.

Proposed structures include a rotor anchored to a stator, with a catalytic hub that undergoes sequential chemical steps to generate torque, often aided by asymmetric energy landscapes or chiral interactions. In conceptual models, rotens operate as autonomous units or as components in larger assemblies, such as molecular machines or drug-delivery capsules.

The status and challenges of rotens are that no fully functional devices have been demonstrated; most work remains theoretical or in early prototypes. Key challenges include controlling directionality, efficiency, integration with larger systems, and safety concerns.

Potential applications include targeted therapeutics, microfabrication, and responsive materials. If realized, rotens could enable on-demand actuation, self-assembly, or propulsion for nanorobots.

Related concepts include molecular motors and rotary molecular motors.