Rosneft

Rosneft is a Russian state-owned multinational energy company and one of the world's largest oil companies by production and reserves. It is headquartered in Moscow and traces its origins to 1993, when the Russian government reorganized state oil assets into a single company.

Rosneft operates across the oil and gas value chain, including exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas, refining, petrochemicals, and marketing. Its operations span Russia and international projects in Europe, Asia, and Latin America, supported by a network of refineries, pipelines, and distribution systems.

Ownership and governance: The company is majority-owned by the Russian state through Rosneftegaz, with a portion of shares traded publicly on the Moscow Exchange; this public float has varied over time.

History and strategic growth: Rosneft expanded in the 2000s by consolidating assets from the Yukos era, notably acquiring Yuganskneftegaz in 2004, and later expanding with Bashneft in 2015. It has pursued large offshore and Arctic projects and international partnerships.

Sanctions and geopolitics: Since 2014, Rosneft has faced international sanctions from the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and others, restricting access to capital and technology; the company remains a key instrument of Russian energy policy.

Impact: As a major contributor to Russia's energy output and export revenue, Rosneft plays a central role in the national economy and in global oil markets.