Roiskisäiliöiden

Roiskisäiliöiden, often translated as splash tanks or surge tanks, are essential components in hydropower systems. Their primary function is to manage the water hammer effect, a phenomenon that occurs when a sudden change in flow rate in a pipeline causes pressure surges. When a turbine's load is suddenly reduced, or a valve is closed rapidly, the momentum of the water column in the penstock (the pipe leading to the turbine) creates a high-pressure wave. Conversely, a sudden increase in load can cause a low-pressure wave.

A roiskisäiliö is typically a vertical or horizontal chamber connected to the penstock, usually located near the turbine. When a pressure surge occurs, the water can flow into or out of the roiskisäiliö, acting as a buffer. If the pressure increases, excess water is pushed into the tank, absorbing the surge. If the pressure decreases, water from the tank flows back into the penstock, preventing a vacuum and the collapse of the pipe.

This buffering action significantly reduces the stress on the penstock and other hydraulic machinery, preventing potential damage and ensuring the smooth operation of the power plant. The size and design of a roiskisäiliö are determined by factors such as the length and diameter of the penstock, the water flow rate, and the expected magnitude of pressure fluctuations. They are a critical safety and operational feature in many hydroelectric installations.