Rila

Rila is a major mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria and the highest mountain area in the country, and one of the highest in the Balkan Peninsula. The range spans several provinces, with its highest peak, Musala, reaching 2,925 meters. The rugged landscape includes deep valleys, granite ridges, and glacial lakes.

Geography and geology: The mountains lie between the Struma and Maritsa basins. They are mainly composed of ancient granitic and metamorphic rocks, sculpted by past glaciations into cirques, valleys and waterfalls. Forests cover much of the lower elevations, with coniferous stands giving way to alpine vegetation higher up.

Ecology and protection: Much of the range is protected within Rila National Park, preserving diverse habitats and water resources. The area hosts brown bear, chamois, red deer, lynx, and a wide variety of birds and plants. The park protects the sources of several rivers that feed the region.

Rila Monastery: The Monastery of Saint Ivan of Rila, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies on the northern slopes near the town of Rila. Founded in the 10th century by Saint John of Rila, it became a major center of Bulgarian culture and Orthodox monasticism, with medieval and 19th‑century architecture and notable frescoes.

Rila Lakes: The Seven Rila Lakes are a glacial group in the northwest part of the range. They form a popular trekking route in summer and attract winter mountaineers and skiers. The area is a major destination for ecotourism and mountain recreation.

Recreation and access: The region includes ski resorts such as Borovets on the northern slopes and trails for hiking and climbing. Proximity to Sofia makes Rila a common destination for day trips and longer expeditions, offering cultural heritage and scenic mountain scenery.