Rikkoutumisjännitteensä

Rikkoutumisjännitteensä refers to the breakdown voltage of an electrical insulator. This is the minimum voltage at which an insulator loses its insulating properties and begins to conduct electricity. When the electric field across an insulator exceeds its dielectric strength, which is the maximum electric field it can withstand without breaking down, the insulator fails. This failure can manifest as a spark, arc, or a continuous current flow, depending on the material and the conditions.

The breakdown voltage is a critical parameter in the design and application of electrical equipment. It determines the safety margins and the operational limits of components like cables, capacitors, and transformers. Factors influencing breakdown voltage include the type of insulating material, its thickness, the temperature, humidity, and the presence of impurities or defects. Different materials have vastly different breakdown voltages, making material selection crucial for specific applications. For instance, air has a much lower breakdown voltage than solid insulators like porcelain or certain plastics.

When an insulator breaks down, it can lead to short circuits, equipment damage, and potential fire hazards. Therefore, understanding and respecting the breakdown voltage of materials is essential for ensuring the reliable and safe operation of electrical systems. Electrical codes and standards often specify minimum breakdown voltage requirements for insulation in various applications to prevent such failures.