Ricinine

Ricinine is a toxic alkaloid found in the seeds of castor beans (Ricinus communis). It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and ethanol. Ricinine is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is involved in the citric acid cycle. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of succinate and fumarate, which can cause cellular damage and death. Ricinine is also a potent inhibitor of the enzyme aconitase, which is involved in the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of citrate, which can also cause cellular damage and death. Ricinine is toxic to humans and animals, and exposure can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, ricinine poisoning can lead to coma and death. Ricinine is not commonly used in medicine or industry, but it has been studied for its potential as a cancer treatment. However, its toxicity has limited its use in this area as well. Ricinine is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States due to its high potential for abuse and dependence.