Rhônes

The Rhône is one of Europe’s major rivers. It rises in the Swiss Alps at the Rhône Glacier, flows through the canton of Valais, and enters Lake Geneva. From there it continues southward into France, eventually reaching the Mediterranean Sea after forming the Camargue wetlands. The river is about 813 kilometers (505 miles) long and drains a basin that covers parts of Switzerland and France, supporting cities, agriculture, and industry along its course.

Course and geography: The upper Rhône runs through alpine valleys and is regulated by dams and hydroelectric facilities. The river leaves Lake Geneva at the southern end and flows toward Lyon, where it is joined by the Saône from the northeast. Downstream of Lyon, the Rhône traverses the broad Rhône Valley, passing major towns such as Valence, Avignon, and Arles, before reaching the sea in the Gulf of Lions. The lower Rhône forms the Camargue, a extensive wetland region famous for its biodiversity and landscape.

Hydrology and uses: Alpine infrastructure controls flows for flood protection and power generation. The river supports navigation from Lyon to the Mediterranean and provides irrigation for agriculture in the southern basins. The delta and estuary are important ecological habitats and popular destinations for visitors and wildlife enthusiasts.

Economy and culture: The Rhône basin is a key wine region, with the Northern Rhône and Southern Rhône zones. Northern Rhône wines include varieties such as Syrah and Viognier, while the Southern Rhône is known for blends dominated by Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre. The river has shaped settlement, trade routes, and regional identities across Switzerland and southeastern France, with cities such as Geneva, Lyon, Avignon, and Arles closely tied to its history.