Rhveriryhmäjärjestelmän

Rhveriryhmäjärjestelmän, often translated as the "Rh blood group system," is a crucial classification of human red blood cells. It is one of the most important blood group systems, second only to the ABO system, in terms of blood transfusion compatibility. The Rh system is primarily defined by the presence or absence of the D antigen on the surface of red blood cells. Individuals who have the D antigen are classified as Rh-positive (Rh+), while those who lack it are Rh-negative (Rh-).

Beyond the D antigen, the Rh system encompasses a complex array of at least 50 different antigens, though only a few are clinically significant. The most important of these, besides D, are C, c, E, and e. These antigens are inherited genetically, with individuals inheriting a combination of alleles from their parents.

The clinical significance of the Rh system arises from potential incompatibilities during blood transfusions and pregnancy. If an Rh-negative individual receives Rh-positive blood, they can develop antibodies against the D antigen. Subsequent exposure to Rh-positive blood can trigger a severe, potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction.

In pregnancy, if an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, the mother's immune system can produce antibodies against the fetal red blood cells. This can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), a condition where the baby's red blood cells are destroyed, causing anemia, jaundice, and other serious health problems. Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) is administered to Rh-negative mothers during pregnancy and after delivery to prevent antibody formation, thereby preventing HDN.