Revasialisering

Revasialisering, also known as revascularization, is a medical concept referring to the restoration of blood supply to tissues or organs that have become ischemic due to narrowed or blocked arteries. Revascularization encompasses surgical and endovascular procedures designed to bypass, remove obstructions, or widen vessels to improve perfusion.

For example, coronary revascularization includes bypass graft surgery and percutaneous interventions with balloon angioplasty and stents; carotid revascularization uses carotid endarterectomy or stenting; peripheral and renal arteries are treated with angioplasty, atherectomy, or bypass as appropriate.

Indications include myocardial ischemia or heart failure risk from coronary disease; claudication or critical limb ischemia from peripheral artery disease; prevention of stroke in carotid stenosis; and control of renovascular hypertension in renal artery disease. Goals are to relieve ischemic symptoms, restore organ function, and reduce tissue loss or adverse events, with outcomes depending on patient health and disease complexity.

Risks include bleeding, infection, graft or stent occlusion, restenosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and kidney injury. Historical development began in the mid-20th century, with bypass surgery popularized in the 1960s and 1970s, coronary angioplasty in the late 1970s, and the later adoption of stents and carotid procedures. Revasialisering remains a central option for selected patients and is often combined with medical therapy and lifestyle changes to optimize outcomes.