Retinoszkópia

Retinoszkópia is an objective method used in optometry and ophthalmology to assess a patient's refractive error. It involves a handheld instrument called a retinoscope and a series of lenses. The examiner shines a light beam into the patient's eye and observes the movement of the light reflex within the pupil. By neutralizing the movement of this reflex with different lenses, the examiner can determine the type and degree of myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism present.

The process typically involves the examiner standing at a specific distance from the patient, usually about 67 centimeters or one meter. The retinoscope emits a streak or spot of light that is directed towards the patient's pupil. The examiner then moves the retinoscope horizontally and vertically. The direction and speed of the reflex movement indicate the refractive state of the eye. A reflex that moves in the same direction as the retinoscope suggests myopia, while a reflex moving in the opposite direction indicates hyperopia. Astigmatism is identified by an uneven or asymmetrical reflex, requiring the use of cylindrical lenses for neutralization.

The results of retinoscopy are then used to prescribe corrective lenses, such as eyeglasses or contact lenses. While it is an objective method, meaning it doesn't rely on the patient's subjective responses, it is often combined with subjective refraction to refine the prescription and ensure optimal visual acuity. Retinoszkópia is particularly valuable for examining young children, individuals with communication difficulties, or those who are unable to provide reliable subjective feedback.