Rekombinationsfolgen

Rekombinationsfolgen, also known as recombination sequences or recombination sites, are specific DNA sequences that are recognized by recombinase enzymes to facilitate genetic recombination. These sequences are essential for a variety of biological processes, including DNA repair, viral integration, and the generation of antibody diversity.

The length and exact sequence of recombination sites vary depending on the specific recombinase involved. However, they generally share certain structural features, such as short direct repeats or inverted repeats flanking a central core region. These structural elements are crucial for the binding of the recombinase and the subsequent cleavage and exchange of DNA strands.

One well-studied example of recombination sequences are the att sites in bacteriophage lambda. These sites are recognized by the lambda integrase enzyme and mediate the integration of the phage genome into the bacterial chromosome. Another important class of recombination sequences are the V(D)J recombination signals (VRSs) found in the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. These signals, recognized by the RAG1 and RAG2 enzymes, are responsible for the somatic recombination that generates the vast diversity of antigen receptors in the adaptive immune system.

Recombination sequences are not only crucial for natural biological processes but also serve as powerful tools in molecular biology and genetic engineering. By introducing specific recombination sites into DNA molecules, scientists can precisely control the insertion, deletion, or inversion of DNA segments using engineered recombinase systems like Cre-lox or Flp-FRT. This technology has revolutionized the ability to manipulate genomes and study gene function.