Refixate

Refixate is a term used in specialized fields to describe the act of applying fixation to a material, specimen, or object a second time after an initial fixation. In this sense, fixation refers to treating a sample with chemicals or conditions that preserve structure, prevent decay, or stabilize components for analysis or handling. The term is informal in many contexts and not widely standardized, and its exact meaning can vary by discipline.

Etymology and usage notes: Refixedis is formed from the prefix re- and the verb fixate, following a pattern similar to other “re-” protocols such as reread or recondition. Because it is not a universally defined term, its interpretation often depends on the specific methodological context and the conventions of a given field or laboratory.

Applications and context: In histology and pathology, refixation may be invoked when a protocol requires re-stabilization after steps such as antigen retrieval, solvent exposure, or mechanical disruption that could affect tissue integrity or labeling. A brief exposure to a fixative can help maintain morphology or re-lock epitopes, though it may also alter antigenicity if excessive. In materials science or conservation, refixation can refer to reapplying a protective fixative or consolidant after handling or environmental exposure. The use of refixation is typically guided by the goals of preserving structure while remaining compatible with downstream analyses.

Considerations: The effects of refixation depend on the fixative type, concentration, duration, and the specific material or tissue. Over-fixation can mask details or alter chemistry, and protocols often specify compatibility with downstream assays, particularly immunohistochemistry.

See also: fixation, postfixation, antigen retrieval, sample preparation.