Rectally

Rectally is an adverb describing an action performed through or by way of the rectum, the distal part of the large intestine that ends at the anal canal. In anatomy, medicine, and pharmacology the term indicates location or route related to this region. The rectum lies between the sigmoid colon above and the anal canal below, and in adults measures roughly 12 to 15 centimeters in length.

In medical use, rectally is commonly applied to routes of administration and procedures. Rectal administration includes suppositories, enemas, and rectal gels or inserts designed to deliver drugs locally to the anorectal area or to provide systemic absorption through the rectal venous plexus. This route is particularly useful when oral administration is not possible due to vomiting, decreased consciousness, or inability to swallow, and it is used for relief of hemorrhoidal symptoms, bowel preparation, and certain antiemetics or laxatives. Rectal examinations and digital rectal exams are physical procedures performed via the anal opening and described as done rectally.

Pharmacokinetics and safety considerations vary by formulation and drug. Rectal absorption can be slower and more variable than oral or parenteral routes, and mucosal irritation, bleeding, or incomplete dosing may occur. Some medications are contraindicated or require specialized rectal formulations to minimize irritation or dosing errors.

Etymology and usage: The word derives from Latin rectum meaning straight, with -ally forming the adverb. In clinical writing, rectally is a standard descriptor for procedures, examinations, and drug administration.