Rayleighféle

Rayleighféle is an adjective used in Hungarian to describe phenomena, models, or results that are characteristic of, or derived from, Lord Rayleigh's work. The term appears in several scientific contexts, most prominently in statistics and physics.

In statistics, a Rayleigh-féle eloszlás refers to the Rayleigh distribution. If X and Y are independent normal variables with zero mean and equal variance, then the magnitude R = sqrt(X^2 + Y^2) follows this distribution. Its density is f(r) = (r/σ^2) exp(-r^2/(2σ^2)) for r ≥ 0, with scale parameter σ > 0. The mean is σ√(π/2) and the variance is (2 − π/2)σ^2. It models the amplitude of a complex Gaussian signal and is used in signal processing, radar, and reliability analysis.

In physics, Rayleigh-féle may refer to Rayleigh scattering, the elastic scattering of light by particles much smaller than the wavelength, which leads to a wavelength-dependent intensity ∝ λ^-4 and explains why the sky is blue. The term also appears in communications under the heading of Rayleigh fading, where multipath propagation yields a Rayleigh-distributed signal amplitude.

The precise meaning of Rayleigh-féle depends on context, and the phrase simply indicates a resemblance to or a consequence of Rayleigh’s results rather than a single, universal definition.