Ramanspektrometrit

Ramanspektrometrit is a spectroscopic technique used to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. It is based on the Raman effect, a phenomenon in spectroscopy first observed by C.V. Raman in 1928. When monochromatic light, typically from a laser, interacts with a sample, most of the light is scattered elastically, meaning it has the same frequency as the incident light (Rayleigh scattering). However, a small fraction of the light is scattered inelastically, with its frequency shifted either up or down. This inelastic scattering is known as Raman scattering.

The frequency shift in Raman scattering is characteristic of the vibrational or rotational modes of the molecules within the sample. By measuring the intensity of the scattered light at different frequency shifts, a Raman spectrum is obtained. This spectrum provides a unique fingerprint of the chemical composition and structure of the material. Different molecules will exhibit distinct Raman spectra, allowing for identification and quantification.

Ramanspektrometrit has a wide range of applications across various scientific disciplines. It is used in chemistry for molecular identification, structural analysis, and studying chemical reactions. In materials science, it is employed to characterize polymers, semiconductors, and nanomaterials, as well as to detect defects and stress. Pharmaceuticals utilize Raman spectroscopy for quality control, drug identification, and analyzing drug-matter interactions. Other fields include biology for cell imaging and analysis, art conservation for identifying pigments and materials, and security for detecting explosives and illicit substances. The technique is non-destructive, requires minimal sample preparation, and can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, making it a versatile and valuable analytical tool.