Ramalinaceae

Ramalinaceae is a family of crustose and foliose lichens in the order Lecanorales. This family is characterized by its apothecia that are typically lecideine, meaning they lack a thalline margin, although some genera may exhibit variations. The asci are unitunicate and contain eight ascospores. The excipulum, the layer surrounding the hymenium, is usually cellular and hyaline or lightly pigmented. Pycnidia, when present, are immersed or erumpent.

The family is diverse and includes a wide range of species found in various habitats, often on rock, bark, and soil. Many Ramalinaceae species are known for their cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in both temperate and tropical regions. Their thalli can be crustose, forming a tightly attached layer, or foliose, consisting of leaf-like lobes. The coloration of the thallus varies, but many species exhibit shades of grey, green, or yellowish hues.

Genera within Ramalinaceae include Ramalina, often recognized by its fruticose, shrub-like growth form, and Lecidella, which typically has crustose thalli and lecideine apothecia. Other notable genera contribute to the ecological significance of this family, often acting as pioneer organisms in harsh environments. Their ability to colonize bare surfaces and contribute to soil formation makes them important components of many ecosystems. Further research continues to refine the phylogenetic relationships within this family and to describe new species.