Radijo

Radijo is the Esperanto term for radio, the technology and practice of wireless communication by means of electromagnetic waves. In Esperanto, radijo refers to radio in both its broadcasting and two-way forms. The field covers both broadcast radio, which distributes audio or data to a broad audience, and point-to-point radio, which enables direct links between two or more stations. A typical radijo system includes a transmitter, an antenna, and a receiver; signals are modulated to encode information and radiated as radio waves through the air or space.

The modern development of radijo began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with experiments by pioneers such as Marconi and Popov leading to practical radio communication. In Esperanto-speaking communities, radijo vocabulary was developed to describe techniques, standards, and services as part of the broader technocratic lexicon.

Techniques include various modulation methods such as amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, as well as digital schemes for data transmission. Radio uses a range of frequencies, from longwave to shortwave, VHF and UHF bands, with spectrum allocation managed by national authorities and international bodies to reduce interference. A wide range of services exists, including broadcasting to the public, two-way communications for maritime, aviation or emergency services, and modern data links used in cellular networks and wireless internet.

Safety and regulation emphasize that radio waves are non-ionizing and exposure should stay within established limits. Licenses or permissions are often required for certain frequencies and transmitter classes. Radijo remains a foundational technology for mass communication, public safety, and personal connectivity worldwide.