Racialização

Racialização is a sociological and critical race theory concept that describes the process by which racial categories are constructed and imposed, often in relation to power dynamics. It is distinct from race itself, which refers to perceived biological differences. Racialization is the social, political, and economic process that assigns meaning to human physical characteristics, creating and reinforcing racial hierarchies. This process often involves distinguishing groups based on physical traits like skin color, hair texture, or facial features, and then attributing social, cultural, and behavioral characteristics to these groups.

This process is not natural or inherent but is historically and contextually specific. It often serves to legitimize social inequalities, discrimination, and exploitation. For example, during colonialism, groups were racialized to justify their subjugation and the appropriation of their resources. Similarly, in contemporary societies, racialization can manifest in areas such as the justice system, employment, and housing, leading to disparities for marginalized groups. Understanding racialization is crucial for analyzing how race operates as a social construct that profoundly impacts individual lives and societal structures. It highlights that racial categories are not static but are fluid and subject to change based on social and political forces.