RTL8169S

The Realtek RTL8169S is a single-chip Fast Ethernet controller manufactured by Realtek Semiconductor. It is designed to provide a network interface for computers and other devices. The chip integrates a MAC (Media Access Control) and a PHY (Physical Layer) transceiver, simplifying the design of network adapters. The RTL8169S supports the PCI interface, allowing it to be easily integrated into various motherboard designs and expansion cards. It is capable of speeds up to 10/100 Mbps, adhering to the IEEE 802.3u standard. The chip also includes features such as Wake-on-LAN (WoL) support, enabling devices to be powered on remotely. Drivers for the RTL8169S are available for a wide range of operating systems, including Windows and Linux, making it a commonly found component in consumer-grade hardware from the early to mid-2000s. Its widespread adoption was due to its cost-effectiveness and performance for its time.