RNAVlähestyminen

RNAV (Area Navigation) approach is a type of instrument approach that utilizes satellite-based navigation systems, such as GPS, to guide aircraft along a predetermined flight path to the runway. Unlike traditional instrument approaches that rely on ground-based navigation aids, RNAV approaches provide greater flexibility and precision, allowing for more efficient and direct routing to airports.

RNAV approaches are typically designed to be flown using RNAV equipment, which includes GPS receivers and flight management systems. The approach procedure is defined by a series of waypoints, which the aircraft follows using the navigation data provided by the GPS. The waypoints are typically spaced at intervals of 1 to 5 nautical miles, depending on the specific approach procedure and the aircraft's performance capabilities.

RNAV approaches can be further categorized into two main types: RNAV (GPS) and RNAV (RNP). RNAV (GPS) approaches use GPS as the primary navigation source, while RNAV (RNP) approaches can use a combination of GPS and other navigation aids, such as VOR/DME or NDB, to provide redundancy and increased reliability.

RNAV approaches offer several benefits, including improved accuracy, reduced fuel consumption, and the ability to fly more direct and efficient routes. They also allow for greater flexibility in approach design, enabling airports to offer multiple RNAV approaches to accommodate different aircraft types and performance capabilities.

However, RNAV approaches also require aircraft to be equipped with RNAV capability and to meet specific performance standards. Additionally, the availability of RNAV approaches may be limited in certain areas due to factors such as terrain, obstacles, and the need for separation from other air traffic.