RNAMolekül

RNAMolekül, also known as RNA molecule, refers to a single-stranded nucleic acid composed of ribonucleotides. It plays a vital role in the biology of all living organisms, primarily serving as a messenger and functional molecule involved in gene expression and regulation. RNA is structurally similar to DNA but differs in several key aspects, including the presence of a ribose sugar, a uracil base instead of thymine, and generally being single-stranded rather than double-stranded.

The primary functions of RNA include messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis, which carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. Various types of RNA are involved in cellular processes, including transfer RNA (tRNA), which assembles amino acids during protein synthesis; ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a structural component of ribosomes; and regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that control gene expression.

RNA molecules are synthesized through transcription, a process where specific segments of DNA are copied by RNA polymerase enzymes. Their stability and lifespan within the cell are regulated by various mechanisms, impacting gene expression and cellular function.

RNA's versatility makes it a pivotal molecule in molecular biology, biotechnology, and medical research. It is employed in technologies such as RNA interference, CRISPR, and mRNA-based vaccines. Due to its essential roles in biological processes, the study of RNA continues to be a major focus within the life sciences.

References to recent advances highlight RNA's potential in therapeutics and diagnostics, underlining its importance in understanding health and disease.