R3hydroxybutyrate

R3hydroxybutyrate, also known as beta-hydroxybutyrate or BHB, is a ketone body produced in the liver during periods of fasting, prolonged exercise, or when consuming a ketogenic diet. Ketone bodies are an alternative fuel source for the body and brain when glucose levels are low. BHB is the most abundant ketone body.

The production of BHB is stimulated by low insulin and high glucagon levels. Fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA, which is then converted into BHB. This process occurs primarily in the liver. BHB can then be released into the bloodstream and used by various tissues, including the brain, heart, and muscles, for energy.

BHB is thought to have several physiological effects beyond its role as an energy source. It can act as a signaling molecule, influencing gene expression and cellular processes. Research suggests potential therapeutic benefits of BHB in conditions such as neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, and inflammation, although much of this research is still in early stages. Exogenous BHB, in the form of supplements, is also available and is used to increase blood ketone levels, often in conjunction with ketogenic diets.