R1e

R1b is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, a lineage defined by specific genetic mutations on the Y chromosome that is passed down from father to son. It is one of the most common haplogroups in Western Europe. Its distribution is particularly high in populations originating from this region, including Ireland, Scotland, Spain, France, and parts of Italy and Germany.

The origin of R1b is thought to be in Eurasia, with its earliest origins potentially in Central Asia. Over thousands of years, it spread across the globe, with significant migrations leading to its prevalence in Europe. One major expansion is believed to have occurred with the spread of Indo-European languages. The Neolithic Revolution and subsequent population movements also played a role in its dispersal.

Within R1b, there are numerous subclades, each representing further genetic diversification and migration patterns. For example, R1b-M269 is a major subclade found throughout Europe, while other subclades like R1b-U152 are more concentrated in specific regions. Genetic studies of R1b help researchers understand ancient human migration routes, population genetics, and the peopling of continents. It is a key marker in anthropological and genealogical research.