Röntgenquelle

Röntgenquelle refers to any device or phenomenon that produces X-rays, also known as Röntgen radiation. The most common method of generating X-rays artificially involves an X-ray tube. In this device, a heated filament (cathode) emits electrons through thermionic emission. These electrons are then accelerated by a high voltage towards a metal target (anode), typically made of tungsten. When the high-speed electrons strike the target, they decelerate rapidly, emitting X-ray photons. This process is known as bremsstrahlung. Additionally, X-rays can be produced when an incoming electron knocks out an inner-shell electron from a target atom. When an electron from a higher energy level drops to fill the vacancy, it releases energy in the form of an X-ray photon with a specific energy characteristic of the target material, a process called characteristic radiation.

Natural sources of X-rays also exist, though they are less commonly used for practical applications. Cosmic sources, such as pulsars, black holes, and supernovae, emit significant amounts of X-ray radiation. Radioactive decay, specifically through electron capture or internal conversion, can also result in the emission of X-rays. For medical imaging and industrial applications, precisely controlled man-made Röntgenquellen are essential.